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Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers: Should Antiretroviral Therapy Be Initiated Earlier?Much has been written about the increase in non–AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-infected persons over the past decade.
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Legionnaires Disease in a Patient With AIDSLegionella species are among the leading causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the general population, and although rare in patients with HIV infection, Legionella pneumonia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
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Severe Pruritus After Completing Pegylated Interferon for Hepatitis CIn most HIV-infected persons, one or more dermatological conditions develop at some point during their lifetime.1 Among the spectrum of dermatological diseases, those associated with pruritus are among the most common.
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS Presenting as OsteomyelitisWe report a case of osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) in an AIDS patient shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy with subsequent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
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A "Usual" Case of SyphilisMr D is a 38-year-old African American man in whom AIDS had been diagnosed in 2001; he had responded well to antiretroviral therapy, with a recent CD4+ cell count of 376/µL and an HIV RNA level less than 50 copies/mL. He presented to our clinic complaining of a mildly tender "lump" on the left side of his neck, which he first noticed a week ago. He denied fever, chills, sweats, cough, anorexia, weight loss, and urinary symptoms but had a sore throat for 2 days.
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Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers: Should Antiretroviral Therapy Be Initiated Earlier?Much has been written about the increase in non–AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-infected persons over the past decade.
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CCR5 Antagonists in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Persons: Is Their Cancer Risk Increased, Decreased, or Unchanged?With the FDA approval of a new small-molecule drug to treat HIV infection by blocking the CCR5 chemokine receptor and with several other drugs of this class in development for this and other indications, there is an increased interest in determining the potential influence on tumor promotion or suppression that blocking this receptor may have. Large, long-term clinical studies would be the ideal method for evaluating the potential increase in cancer risk, and at least one such study is under way (see http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00665561?order=49).
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Very Early ART: Does a Curative Window Exist?This case study of 2 patients suggests that very early antiretroviral therapy is not enough to prevent formation of latent viral reservoirs and prevent HIV rebound on treatment discontinuation.
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HIV-Positive Organ TransplantResearch supports liver and kidney transplantation in patients with HIV infection, but referral rates are low.
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Schistosoma mansoni Colitis in an AIDS PatientA 33-year-old man from the Ivory Coast (who had been living in the United States for the past 8 years) received a diagnosis of AIDS when he presented with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. His CD4+ cell count was 6/µL, and his HIV RNA level was 575,000 copies/mL. He also presented with altered sensorium and seizure activity and was found to have obstructive hydrocephalus and ring-enhancing lesions in both cerebellar hemispheres and basal ganglia. Results of polymerase chain reaction testing of cerebrospinal fluid for Toxoplasma gondii were positive, and treatment for toxoplasmosis was started. A ventricular-peritoneal shunt was placed.
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Extensive Development of Flat Warts as a Cutaneous Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution SyndromeCutaneous manifestations of immune recovery in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy may account for up to 54% to 78% of the clinical presentations of the immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)
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Lymphoma Presenting as Cranial Nerve Neuropathies in HIV-Infected PatientsPatients with HIV infection are at increased risk for several types of malignancy. After Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common HIV-associated cancer.1
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Expanding HIV Testing: Overcoming Physician BarriersIn a recent AIDS Reader editorial, Joel E. Gallant called for clinicians who treat persons with HIV/AIDS to “become vocal advocates for routine HIV screening,
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Psychiatric Aspects of Comorbid HIV/AIDS and Pain, Part 2Pain is recognized as a significant disability in HIV-infected persons.
