Authors
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Focusing on Depression in Expectant and New FathersPrenatal and Postpartum Depression Not Limited to Mothers
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Cytomegalovirus InfectionCough, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss had disturbed a 52-year-old woman for 1 month. AIDS had been diagnosed 5 years earlier, but she had declined medical treatment. The patient's vital signs were stable when she was admitted to the hospital. Physical examination results were unremarkable except for thrush and mild, diffuse abdominal tenderness.
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Sports Concussion: Implications of the Exam After Head InjuryAs many as 300,000 sportsrelatedconcussions arediagnosed each year inthe United States.1 Thisfigure underestimatesthe true incidence, however, becausemany concussive injuries are notrecognized by the injured persons,trainers, or physicians. A recentstudy found that 4 of 5 professionalfootball players with concussionwere unaware that they had sufferedthis injury.2
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Ovarian Hyperstimulation SyndromeFor 4 days, a 34-year-old pregnant woman had dyspnea and right-sided chest pain. She denied fever, chills, sweats, cough, lower extremity pain, and edema. Surgical and social histories were unremarkable. She was taking progesterone and clomiphene citrate for the past 6 months for assisted reproduction.
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Case In Point: Young Woman With Abdominal Pain and FullnessA 23-year-old woman presents withweight loss, epigastric pain, abdominalfullness, and mild nausea. Shereports that she has had a slow-growingmass on her upper middle abdomen.She denies vomiting and doesnot have evidence of jaundice. Theonly significant finding in her medicalhistory is a myringotomy performedmany years earlier. She currentlytakes an oral contraceptive.
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Superior Mesenteric Vein ThrombosisA 65-year-old woman with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon was undergoing chemotherapy following a colectomy and a hepatic wedge resection. The physical examination and laboratory data were unremarkable.
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Anemia: Discerning the Cause in Different Clinical SettingsA 77-year-old woman who had hadanorexia and weakness for 3 monthswas seen after a syncopal episode. Sheappeared pale but alert. Heart rate was110 beats per minute; respiration rate,22 breaths per minute; and blood pressure,170/70 mm Hg. Her hematologicindices were: hemoglobin level, 4.3 g/dL;mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 60fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), 29 g/dL; red bloodcell count, 1.6 million/μL; white bloodcell count, 7500/μL; and platelet count,452,000/μL.
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Case In Point: Erythema Ab IgneA 14-year-old African American boy presented during the winter months with a painless, nonpruritic, periumbilical rash that had been present for approximately 1 month. Initially bluish, the rash had become dark brown.
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MRI Diagnosis of Bone BruiseA 41-year-old man fell 3 ft into a bilge; he landed on his left leg and experienced immediate generalized pain in that knee. Three days later, he consulted his physician, who found minimal effusion in the knee and tenderness of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). No abnormalities were seen on plain x-ray films.
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Celebrating DeathCan the death of a terrorist be something to celebrate? Should it be? What can this tell us about ourselves? What is the "proper" reaction?
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Monitoring adolescents with cystic fibrosisabstract: There is increasing evidence that close monitoring and early intervention lead to better outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis. At each office visit, spirometry should be performed and sputum culture specimens should be obtained; if the patient cannot produce sputum, a throat culture can be done instead. New respiratory symptoms or other evidence of worsening lung disease should prompt antibiotic therapy, increased airway clearance, and adjunctive anti-inflammatory medication as appropriate. Close attention should be paid to the patient's diet, appetite, stooling pattern, and growth measurements. Adolescents should be given additional information about their medications and adjunctive therapies to encourage them to take on a larger role in their own care. (J Respir Dis.2006;27(7):298-305)
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Commentary on the USPF's Recommendations on PSA TestingA video series from James Mohler of Rosweel Park Cancer Institute on PSA testing in the wake of changing guidelines from the US Preventive Task Force.
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Dorsal Dislocation of the Fourth and Fifth MetacarpalsSeveral hours after striking his closed fist against the side pillar of a passenger car, a 28-year-old man presented with acute pain and swelling of the left hand. The dorsum of the left hand appeared deformed and edematous; there were scattered abrasions but no lacerations, exposed bony fragments, ecchymosis, or active bleeding.
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Headache as a Rare Presenting Symptom of Löfgren SyndromeLöfgren syndrome is a form of acute sarcoidosis characterized by a triad of symptoms: hilar adenopathy, erythema nodosum, and arthralgias.
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Woman With Purpura FulminansThe patient is severely ill. Temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Shortly after admission, she requires intubation with ventilatory support. Hypotension, acrocyanosis, and an ecchymotic rash consistent with purpura fulminans (A) rapidly develop.
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Escherichia coli in Traveler's DiarrheaTraveler's diarrhea (TD) occurs in persons traveling fromindustrialized countries to less developed regions of the world.Because of the growing ease of travel and an increasinglyglobalized economy, TD is becoming more common. Increasingantibiotic resistance among causative bacterial organisms andalso emergence of new pathogens are additional challenges inthe management of TD. Enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregativepathotypes of Escherichia coli are the principal causes of TD.This review discusses the epidemiology of these pathogens, aswell as elements of prevention, diagnosis, and management.[Infect Med. 2008;25:264-276]
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Monitoring the response to therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension, part 2Despite the recent development of several new therapies, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable disease. Careful monitoring of disease progression is vital to ensuring that patients receive maximal medical therapy before the onset of overt right-sided heart failure. In part 1 of this article, I reviewed the role of the history and physical examination, chest radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and pulmonary artery catheterization. In part 2, I focus on MRI, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the 6-minute walk test, and biomarkers.
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Rhabdomyolysis Secondary to Urinary Tract Infection With E coliRhabdomyolysis is linked to infection in up to 31% of cases. However, only 19 cases of rhabdomyolysis related to E coli infection have been reported.
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Behavioral Care Integrated into Primary CareCollaborative care operationalizes chronic care model principles to improve access to evidence-based treatments.
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Osteoarthritis: Complementary Therapies ReviewedABSTRACT: Many patients with osteoarthritis (OA) try such complementary therapies as special diets, nutritional and herbal supplements, yoga, t'ai chi, magnets, and acupuncture-but only 40% of these patients tell their physicians. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can produce at least symptomatic relief; in addition, glucosamine (1500 mg/d) may increase or stabilize cartilage in osteoarthritic knees. Alert patients to the potential toxicities of many herbal remedies, as well as the risks of harmful drug interactions and possible contaminants and impurities. Yoga postures may have a beneficial effect on knee OA; t'ai chi may reduce joint pain and swelling and increase mobility. Small studies have shown that applied pulsed electromagnetic fields can reduce pain and improve function in patients with chronic knee OA. Acupuncture has also been shown, in small studies, to alleviate the pain of OA. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation was recently approved for treatment of knee OA. The efficacy and safety of various types of gene therapy are currently being evaluated.
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Chronic Hepatitis C:The most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), an RNA virus transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. In this article, we identify risk factors for HCV infection and discuss which patients should be tested and treated.
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Rectus Sheath Rupture With Hematoma FormationThe authors present a case of rupture of the rectus abdominis muscle with subsequent rectus sheath hematoma-an uncommon and often misdiagnosed cause of acute abdominal pain.
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Woman With Exertional Dyspnea, Weakness, and DizzinessA 66-year-old woman presents tothe emergency department(ED) with exertional dyspnea, generalizedweakness, and orthostaticdizziness; the symptoms startedabout 1 week earlier and have progressedinsidiously. The patient alsoreports diaphoresis and nausea withoutvomiting. She has no chest pain,palpitations, cough, or hemoptysis;she has not had a recent respiratorytract infection. While she is waitingto be admitted, she has an episode ofsyncope.
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A Retrospective Diagnosis of Ventricular TachycardiaVentricular versus supraventricular tachycardia? This case offers diagnostic and treatment strategies when the diagnosis is uncertain.
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Tea Tree OilThe sudden appearance of a pruritic confluent erythematous rash on the anterior neck and upper back prompted a 30-year-old woman to seek medical attention. She had recently started applying 5% tea tree oil to the area to treat chronic, recurrent tinea versicolor. An herbal specialist had recommended this therapy.
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Acute Appendicitis: Two CasesThe diagnosis of acute appendicitis is usually straightforward. When the presenting symptoms are atypical, abdominal ultrasonography can be of diagnostic assistance if it shows the thickened walls of the appendix and a distended, noncompressible lumen.
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Dyslipidemia: How Aggressively to Intervene in the Older Patient?ABSTRACT: Lipid abnormalities are extremely prevalent among the elderly, a group at very high risk for cardiovascular disorders. Accordingly, the treatment guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel do not suggest that lipid management be any less aggressive in older patients than in younger ones. Management decisions focus on the calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as part of a full fasting lipid panel. Dietary counseling remains an important element in the management of lipid disorders, but almost all elderly patients require medications to reach their lipid goals. The statins are the mainstay of treatment for most patients, but some will require additional agents, such as a fibrate, niacin, ezetimibe, fish oil, or a bile acid sequestrant.
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Case In Point: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a 19-year-old manThe authors describe a case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) that occurred in a previously healthy young man. The presentation was similar to that of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the diagnosis was established by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The authors note that it is important to recognize the subset of patients with AEP who present with an ARDS-like picture, especially since corticosteroids are very effective in this setting.
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Medicaid Pharmacy Cost-Containment Policy Actions and Access to Prescription Drugs and MedicalWe assessed the association between pharmacy cost-containment policy actions by states’ Medicaid programs and access to prescription drug and medical care, controlling for nonpharmacy cost-containment policy actions and socio-environmental differences among states.
