Infectious Disease

MEMPHIS, Tenn. -- Clinicians may one day give children a nasal spray of viral enzymes to prevent acute otitis media, researchers said here.

LOS ANGELES -- Like a Pap smear, detection of abnormal anal cytology is clinically useful in HIV-positive gay men to predict the presence of anal dysplasia, according to researchers here.

LONDON -- The effects of bacterial meningitis in infancy persist as learning disabilities through young adulthood, suggested investigators here.

TAIPEI, Taiwan -- Enterovirus 71 infection in children associated with central nervous system involvement, and especially cardiopulmonary failure, may stall neurodevelopment and cognitive function, researchers here reported.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA has issued a safety alert for linezolid (Zyvox) after clinical trial data suggested excess mortality when the drug was used to treat Gram-negative septicemia.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA has approved eculizumab (Soliris), tbe first of a new class of natural immune system blockers, for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a rare blood disorder that can lead to disability and death.

OMAHA, Neb. -- Antibiotics are prescribed for 70% to 80% of sinus infections even though most are caused by viruses, researchers here reported.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA has approved a rapid test that will allow the diagnosis of viral meningitis within hours of symptoms rather than days.

LEIDEN, The Netherlands -- One fifth of temporary stomas created after surgery for rectal cancer became permanent, according to a Dutch study.

ATLANTA -- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the CDC, as expected, has recommended wide use of the vaccine against four major strains of human papillomavirus that cause cervical cancer.

HONG KONG -- Crowded hospital units were a key factor that led to "super-spreading" outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China, according to researchers here.

STONY BROOK, N.Y. -- The polio virus has been put to work at killing neuroblastoma cells in mice.

SEATTLE -- The metal gallium -- approved as a drug by the FDA to treat symptomatic hypercalcemia of malignancy -- may also be useful as an antimicrobial, according to researchers here.

UTRECHT, The Netherlands -- Tuberculosis tests based on interferon-gamma response, measured by a blood test, picked up exposure to a TB-infected store employee here, but a positive result on the standard tuberculin skin test was not associated with exposure to the infected employee.

MANCHESTER, England -- Failures of total hip replacements are significantly more likely to occur when patients carry variants in genes encoding for collagen breakdown and the vitamin D receptor, according to investigators here.

NEW YORK -- Men given thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke were three times more likely than women to have a good functional outcome, despite elevated mortality, researchers here reported.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- For the second time in two weeks, the FDA has informed physicians of an excess fracture risk in women taking an oral diabetes drug in the thiazolidinedione class. This time the drug is pioglitazone (Actos).

SEATTLE -- Percutaneous vertebroplasty reduces pain of collapsed vertebra without increasing risk of new fractures over the long term, Italian researchers said here.

SEATTLE -- Cardiac MRI used in tandem with echocardiography can enhance the likelihood of finding the cause of cardioembolic stroke, according to a small retrospective study.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA has licensed an automated nucleic acid test to screen donor blood for West Nile virus.

SEATTLE -- Radiofrequency ablation eliminates the debilitating bone pain of benign bone tumors without the risks associated with surgery, researchers here said.

GENEVA -- Complications after hip replacement are more common for obese patients, particularly women, researchers here found.

MANCHESTER, England -- Patients with inflammatory polyarthritis, often a precursor to rheumatoid arthritis, are 40% more likely than the general population to die of cancer, according to a prospective cohort study.

LOS ANGELES -- A drug for patients infected with hepatitis B virus, an agent that was thought to be inactive against HIV for those co-infected with that virus, may not be so innocuous with HIV after all, investigators suggested here.

NORWICH, England -- The way that toddlers and teens grow may protect them against high cholesterol levels in adulthood, researchers here found.

IZMIR, Turkey -- Hepatitis B virus testing and immunization should be mandatory for professional or Olympic athletes participating in contact sports, a small Turkish study suggests.

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