Infectious Disease

A 7-year-old girl presents for evaluation of a pink, polypoid, 2 x 2-mm lesionon her inner lower lip, which has been present for several weeks. The child isasymptomatic and denies any trauma to the mouth.

My patient is a woman in her midtwentieswho recently presented with anerythematous, slightly pruritic lesionon her thigh.

A 64-year-old woman complainsof neck fullness that has increased inthe last few months. She has occasionaldyspnea but denies fever, cough, andhemoptysis. Hypertension is well-controlledwith propranolol.

Under what circumstances would the result of a monospottest be negative, while results of an Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) early antigen and a virus capsid antigen IgG testare positive?

An estimated 20million Americansare currentlyinfectedwith humanpapillomavirus (HPV). Assuch, HPV is now the mostprevalent sexually transmitteddisease (STD) in thiscountry. Answers to commonquestions like the onesabove are therefore of particularinterest to physicians.The issue of when and howto use testing for HPV hasbecome especially crucial.

My patient is a 42-year-old man who complains of fatigue. He says that drinkingsome kind of “sports drink” makes him feel better.

A 73-year-old man is admittedto the hospital with pulmonary tuberculosis.A 3-drug fixed combination-isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide-and ethambutol are given.Within an hour, a global urticarialrash erupts (A and B).

For nearly 3 years, my patient has had frequent recurrences (now, almost monthly)of erythematous, slightly pruritic lesions on the lower back, inguinal area, orbuttocks-but never on the genitalia.

An 84-year-old man complains of worsening angina pectoris that started3 months earlier. The patient has had aortic stenosis for about 10 years. Healso has diabetes, which is controlled with oral agents.

A 53-year-old woman, who has a remote history of acne, says that facial rednessappears each time she has a migraine. Her migraine medication, fiorinalwith codeine, ameliorates the headache, but the erythema lingers for days.

A 47-year-old man has had a posterior neck mass for severalmonths. The mass is not painful and has not changed color, but it continues toenlarge.

Long-standing chorioretinal scarring in both eyes didnot affect a 67-year-old woman’s vision. The scars wereroundish, irregular, and yellowish white with interior pigmentation(A and B).

A painful scalp eruption of 4 days’duration brings an 81-year-old man toyour office. He has taken a lipid-loweringagent and an antihypertensivefor years but has not started any newmedications recently. One week earlier,he had a haircut. He denies recenttrauma to the scalp.

Q:What is the most common radiographicpresentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)among persons with HIV infection?

A 9-year-old boy, who has no significantmedical history, presents with a generalizedpruritic eruption of 2 weeks’ duration.One week earlier, another practitionerruled out scabies and treatedhim presumptively for varicella.

Francisella tularensis is anonsporulating, nonmotile,aerobic gram-negative coccobacillusthat is usually transmittedto humans frominfected rabbits and other small animalsvia ticks, fleas, or deer flies orby direct contact

When a patient complains of dizziness, ask him or her todescribe symptoms without using the word “dizzy.”

For 2 weeks, a 58-year-old woman has experienced increasingfatigue with activity. She has needed to nap duringthe day, has not been able to perform her usual activities,and has missed 3 days of work. She also complains of“muscle aches”-mainly in her back. She denies headache,dyspnea, fever, hot or cold intolerance, and alteredmentation.

Impetigo developed on the face of a 7-year-old boy who had chickenpox. Thepatient was given a 10-day course of oral cephalexin and mupirocin ointment;the infection resolved promptly.

For 2 days, a 35-year-old woman has had a tender eruption on the right palm.She takes no medications. The patient recalls that 1 or 2 years earlier a similarrash cleared following a course of antibiotics.

A 67-year-old woman has had an ulcer on her left heel for at least several weeks.She applied a homemade dressing and cut her shoes to try to relieve pressureon the ulcer; however, in the past week, areas around the ulcer have becomepainful. These areas, as well as the dorsum of the foot, are red and swollen.

Ask patients with nonhealing colostomy wounds if theyare cleaning the area with hydrogen peroxide.

This 2 1/2-year-old boypresents for evaluation ofan asymptomatic, nonpruritic,nonblanchable rashthat is primarily confined tohis cheeks. There is someerythema on the extensorsurfaces of the proximalextremities. The motherreports that the child hadan upper respiratory illnessabout 3 days earlier, withcough and a slight fever.He took no medication forthat illness. Because thesymptoms were so mild,she had not brought thechild in for medical attention.The rash appearedafter the fever and coughresolved. The child isotherwise healthy and hetakes no medication.

This 40-year-old woman has had multiple lesions on her facefor several months. She also reports occasional fevers, slight weight loss, andintermittent fatigue.

A70-year-old African American man, who is a retiredelectrician, presents with increasing fatigue anddull back pain of 4 months’ duration. Although he usuallywalks about 2 miles a day, he now becomes exhaustedafter half a block. He reports exertional dyspnea but noparoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or orthopnea. Recently, henoticed ankle edema.

Over the past 6 months, a 76-year-old African American woman has had increasingdifficulty in swallowing solid food and has lost 40 lb. She can now tolerateonly liquids and foods with a pudding-like consistency. Ingestion of moresolid food produces the sensation that it is “sticking in her chest,” and shesubsequently regurgitates it undigested. She denies heartburn, reflux, nausea,hematemesis, abdominal pain, and melena.

A 27-year-old man is referred by an occupational health clinic for evaluation ofa heart murmur. The murmur was detected during a company-mandated examinationfor a flu-like illness that had caused him to miss several days of work.Before the onset of this illness, he had felt well and had no unusual complaints.He denies symptoms of congestive heart failure.

For several months, a 26-year-old man has had persistent bumps on his scalpand the back of his neck. Some hair loss has also occurred at the site.

Accurate diagnosis of nonviralinfectious diseases ofthe vagina is largely contingenton the clinician’s abilityto do a sophisticated wetmount/potassium hydroxide (KOH)preparation examination-more specificallywhat is termed a “level II wetmount examination” (Table). Clinicalassessment in conjunction with a properwet mount/KOH analysis will usuallyidentify the causative organism orsuggest exclusion of diagnostic possibilities(Figure).

For several weeks, a 29-year-old woman has had worsening left lower backpain that is aggravated by sitting and walking. The pain is most severe aboveher left buttock; it radiates into the buttock and very slightly into the leg. Overthe-counter analgesics have been ineffective. Assuming a supine position providessome relief, but the pain still occasionally awakens her at night. She deniesweakness, other neurologic symptoms, and any symptoms of bowel orbladder dysfunction.