September 3rd 2024
The updated COVID-19 vaccine targets the currently circulating Omicron variant JN.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2.
Acute Low Back Pain in Children:
December 1st 2002ABSTRACT: Unless the cause of back pain is obvious, order anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the spine, a complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and urinalysis. If you suspect infection, tumor, or bony abnormalities, obtain an MRI or CT scan. MRI has surpassed bone scanning as the gold standard for diagnosing spinal infections, because it confirms a specific anatomic diagnosis. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are 2 of the most common causes of back pain in adolescents; the diagnosis is made with plain radiographs, which show slippage on the later-al view in patients with spondylolisthesis and fracture through the pars interarticularis on the oblique views in those with spondylolysis.
Hepatitis C: Latest Guidelines From the NIH
December 1st 2002The most common blood-borne infection in the United States, hepatitis C is also one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in this country. About 35,000 new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are diagnosed each year; by 2015, the number of persons with documented HCV infection is expected to have increased 4-fold from what it was in 1990.
Travel Risks: Update on Traveler's Diarrhea and Other Common Problems
December 1st 2002ABSTRACT: Patients can greatly reduce the risk of traveler's diarrhea by drinking only bottled water and eating only hot foods prepared in sanitary conditions or peelable fruits and vegetables. Antibiotic prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea is no longer routinely recommended; reserve it for patients who may have to consume food and beverages of questionable safety, those with reduced immunity, and those likely to experience serious consequences of illness. Adequate hydration is the first step in treating traveler's diarrhea. Drug therapy-loperamide or fluoroquinolones in adults and bismuth subsalicylate or azithromycin in children-can ameliorate symptoms and speed recovery. Recommend that patients who are prone to motion sickness take an antiemetic/antivertigo agent before symptoms begin. Acetazolamide can be used both to prevent and to treat altitude sickness. Contraindications to air travel include a resting oxygen saturation of less than 90%, pregnancy of more than 36 weeks' duration, pneumothorax, recent myocardial infarction or chest or abdominal surgery, active infectious diseases, and poorly controlled seizures or sickle cell anemia.
What Is the Cause of Macrocytosis and Dyspnea in an Older Man?
November 1st 2002A 78-year-old man presented to theemergency department with a 3-weekhistory of progressive shortness of breathand cough with blood-streaked, yellowishsputum. The patient had dyspnea onexertion limited to 2 blocks, 2-pilloworthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,and nocturia. Neither fever norchills were present. He had lost 7.2 kg(16 lb) during the last year.
Women and Smoking-Related Diseases:The Scope of the Epidemic
November 1st 2002Smoking-related diseases have reached epidemic levelsamong women in the United States. Since 1980, neoplastic,cardiovascular, respiratory, and pediatric diseases attributableto smoking-as well as cigarette burns-havebeen responsible for the premature deaths of 3 millionAmerican women and girls. Lung cancer is now the leadingcause of cancer-related deaths among US women; itsurpassed breast cancer in 1987.1
Febrile Illness With Neurologic Complications in an Older Man
November 1st 2002A 77-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after severaldays of illness that began with fever, nausea, emesis, and headache. Muscleweakness and associated myalgia developed; the weakness became so severethat the patient needed help to get out of bed and walk to the bathroom.The day before he came to the hospital, he slept much of the time and wasdifficult to arouse.
Man With Type 2 Diabetes and Pancreatitis
November 1st 2002A 44-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was recently hospitalized for an acuteexacerbation of pancreatitis. This was his seventh admission for the conditionwithin the past several years. Although imaging studies revealed no calcifications,the hospitalist suspected that acute relapsing pancreatitis was evolvinginto chronic pancreatitis.
Young Girl With Hair Loss and Enlarging Scalp Lesion
November 1st 2002A 7-year-old black girl comes toyour office with a 10-week historyof scaling and scalp redness,and hair loss. About 3 weeks beforethe visit, the child’s motherfirst noticed a boggy, drainingyellow plaque on her daughter’sparietal scalp. A different physicianprescribed ketoconazoleshampoo. At 1-week follow-up,the symptoms had not abated;the clinician then prescribed oralcephalexin as well as a topical mixture of the antifungal agent, clotrimazole, and the high-potency topicalcorticosteroid, betamethasone. After 2 weeks of therapy, the symptoms were no better.
Are You Ready for This Year's Influenza Season?
November 1st 2002According to the CDC, last year's influenza season in the United States was mild to moderate.1Influenza activity increased in mid January and peaked during mid to late February. The percentage of deaths associated with pneumonia and influenza exceeded the epidemic threshold for 5 consecutive weeks. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated, although toward the end of the season, influenza B viruses were identified more often than influenza A viruses.
Alopecia, Ulcerations, and Ecchymotic Lesions: Take this Image IQ Test
October 1st 2002A 22-year-old Filipino man with fever, lethargy, weakness, and malaise of 5 days' duration was brought to the emergency department by his family. Two days earlier, oral penicillin had been prescribed for streptococcal pharyngitis. The patient was unable to walk because of profound weakness. Circular and linear ecchymotic lesions were noted on his back.
Erythema Multiforme in a Woman and in a Man
October 1st 2002For 2 days, a 43-year-old woman has had a slightly tender rash on her trunk andextremities. Five days earlier, the patient was given levofloxacin for an upperrespiratory tract infection; because she is prone to yeast infections while takingantibiotics, fluconazole also was prescribed.
Orbital Cellulitis in a 13-year-old Boy
September 2nd 2002A 13-year-old boy presents with swelling of the left eyelidsthat started 12 hours earlier; the eyelashes are mattedwith yellow discharge. He does not wear contact lenses oreyeglasses and denies ocular trauma or foreign bodies. Hehas been nauseated and has vomited once; his motherattributes these symptoms to an antibiotic that was prescribed5 days earlier for a sinus infection. Medical historyis noncontributory; there is no family history of ocularproblems.